The heart's outer membrane is called the pericardium, consisting of two layers: the visceral (inner) pericardium and the parietal (outer) pericardium.
These layers enclose the pericardial cavity, which contains fluid, reducing friction as the heart beats.
The visceral pericardium is closely attached to the heart's surface, while the parietal pericardium is further away and fused with the fibrous pericardium, a tough outer layer providing protection and anchoring the heart in the chest.
This complex structure supports the heart's function by allowing it to move within the pericardial sac while maintaining a lubricated environment.
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